1/31/2023 0 Comments Gram hc 8100 manual![]() ![]() Our data suggest that sponges use toxins (here, OA) produced from bacteria to eliminate metazoan symbionts/parasites by apoptosis. ![]() ![]() domuncula it undergoes strong expression in the presence of the annelid. Furthermore, we identified the cDNA encoding the multifunctional prosurvival molecule BAG-1 in S. OA is one candidate inducer molecule of this process, since this toxin accumulated in these symbionts/parasites. Western blotting experiments demonstrated that OA also existed bound to a protein with a molecular weight of 35,000 which was tentatively identified as a galectin (by application of antigalectin antibodies). By immunocytochemical methods and by use of antibodies against OA, we showed that the toxin was intracellularly stored in vesicles. ![]() Bacteria within the mesohyl produced okadaic acid at concentrations between 32 ng/g and 58 ng/g of tissue (wet weight). The role of okadaic acid (OA) in the defense system of the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula against symbiotic/parasitic annelids was examined. ![]()
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